Syphilis Testing and Screening

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the skin and internal organs if left untreated. In early stages, it may go unnoticed.

It spreads through vaginal, oral, or anal sex by contact with an affected area, which may not be obvious or painful.

Testing is not required after every contact. It is recommended when there is a higher risk or uncertainty.

When to Consider Syphilis Testing

• you had unprotected sex with a new partner
• you have more than one sexual partner
• you notice a sore or skin changes in the genital area, mouth, or anus
• you have unusual discharge or discomfort with urination
• you have swollen lymph nodes without a clear reason
• you want to be sure before stopping protection in a relationship

Early signs may disappear on their own, but the infection can remain in the body and continue to develop.

Walk-in visits are available, and appointments can also be scheduled online.

What is Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is transmitted through sexual contact. It is caused by Treponema pallidum and spreads through direct contact with an infected area.

The infection has been known for centuries and was historically widespread in Europe. Today, it remains a significant public health issue in the United States. In 2023, more than 209,000 cases of syphilis were reported nationwide, including congenital syphilis, the highest annual number recorded since 1950.

Symptoms By Stage of Syphilis

Symptoms of syphilis appear in stages and can change over time. Early signs may be mild or go unnoticed, and in some cases symptoms disappear even without treatment. This does not mean the infection is gone. Without treatment, syphilis can progress and affect different organs.

The timing of each stage may vary depending on the individual, but typical patterns are shown below.

How Syphilis is Diagnosed

In most cases, syphilis is diagnosed with a blood test. It shows whether your body has responded to the infection, even if there are no visible symptoms.

If you have a sore or affected area, your provider may also take a sample directly from it.

Based on your situation, additional tests may be recommended to clarify the stage of infection and determine next steps.

What Happens If The Test is Positive

If your test is positive, syphilis can be treated. In most cases, treatment involves antibiotics. The type and duration depend on how long the infection has been present. Early stages are treated more simply, while later stages may require a longer course.

Your provider will explain the treatment plan and answer any questions during the visit.

It is important to avoid sexual contact until treatment is completed and your provider confirms it is safe to resume.

If you have a regular partner, they should also be tested and treated if needed. This helps prevent reinfection.

How to Reduce the Risk of Syphilis

Syphilis is more common in certain groups. According to CDC data, higher rates are seen among people with multiple partners and men who have sex with men. This does not mean others are not at risk. Anyone who is sexually active can be affected.

Risk Can Be Reduced With a Few Practical Steps

• use protection during any type of sex, including vaginal, oral, and anal
• do not rely on appearance, as sores may be small or not visible
• consider testing before stopping protection with a new partner
• discuss testing history with a partner when possible
• get tested regularly if you have an active sex life

For many people, testing every 6 months is a reasonable approach, depending on risk level and number of partners.

Related Links

• Yeast Infections in Women